జర్నల్ ఆఫ్ క్లినికల్ & ఎక్స్‌పెరిమెంటల్ ఫార్మకాలజీ

నైరూప్య

Endothelin System and Therapeutic Application of Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

Abebe Basazn Mekuria, Zemene Demelash Kifle, Mohammedbrhan Abdelwuh

Endothelin is a 21 amino acid molecule endogenous potent vasoconstrictor peptide. Endothelin is synthesized in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, as well as in neural, renal, pulmonic, and inflammatory cells. It acts through a seven transmembrane endothelin receptor A (ETA) and endothelin receptor B (ETB) receptors belongs to G protein-coupled rhodopsin-type receptor superfamily. This peptide involved in pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorder like (heart failure, arterial hypertension, myocardial infraction and atherosclerosis), renal failure, pulmonary arterial hypertension and it also involved in pathogenesis of cancer. Potentially endothelin receptor antagonist helps the treatment of the above disorder. Currently, there are a lot of trails both per-clinical and clinical on endothelin antagonist for various cardiovascular, pulmonary and cancer disorder. Some are approved by FAD for the treatment. These agents are including both selective and non-selective endothelin receptor antagonist (ETA/B). Currently, Bosentan, Ambrisentan, and Macitentan approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The aim of this review is to introduce endothelin system and its antagonist drugs with their detail pharmacological and pharmacokinetics profile.