ఫార్మకోఎపిడెమియాలజీ మరియు డ్రగ్ సేఫ్టీలో పురోగతి

నైరూప్య

Editorial note on covid drug and vaccine delivery systems

Ranjit Prasad

Vaccines are the formation given to patients to evoke immune responses leading to the construction of antibodies (humoral) or cell-mediated responses that will combat infectious agents or noninfectious conditions such as malignancies. Alarming safety profile of live vaccines, powerless immunogenicity of sub-unit vaccines and immunization, failure due to poor patient compliance to booster doses which should potent prime doses are few strong reasons, which necessitated the development of modern generation of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines to uphold effective immunization. Attempts are being built to deliver vaccines through carriers as they limitation the spatial and temporal presentation of antigens to immune system thus leading to their sustained discharge and targeting. Hence, lower doses of powerless immunogens can be effectively directed to stimulate immune responses and eliminate the need for the administration of first and booster doses as a part of conventional vaccination regimen. This paper reviews carrier systems like as liposomes, microspheres, nanoparticles, dendrimers, micellar systems, ISCOMs, plant-derived viruses which are now being investigated and advanced as vaccine delivery systems. This paper also describes different aspects of “needle-free technologies” used to administer the vaccine delivery systems through different routes into the human body.